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Amphetamines-the effects of its Abuse
Amphetamine is the collective name for several substances including amphetamine sulphate, laevoamphetamine (Benzedrine), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) and methamphetamine (Methedrine). Amphetamines are produced from a colorless oil base that is soluble in water. The most common form of powder that can be use made into capsules or tablets. Amphetamine is often mixed with adulterants such as sugar, glucose or ephedrine.
Effects of use
Amphetamines can be injected, snorted, smoked or taken orally. Amphetamines are psycho-stimulants and their primary effect is to accelerate the activity of the brains and nervous system. User heart and respiration increases and they may experience tremendous energy, alertness and confidence. The offender suffers from low appetite, but are much more excited and talkative.
Effects of short-term amphetamine are:
• Increased heart rate
• Increased blood pressure
• decreased appetite
• dilation of pupils
• Feelings of happiness and power
• Less fatigue
Prolonged amphetamine may result in:
• Insomnia, restlessness
• "paranoid psychosis"
• Hallucinations
• Violent and aggressive behavior
• Weight Loss
• Tremors
The less desirable effects heart palpitations, nervousness and tetchiness contain. At higher doses, amphetamines can cause irregular heartbeat, headache, fainting and panic attacks. Long term use can lead to insomnia and severe psychological and emotional problems like depression, obsession and extreme violence can develop. In some cases, abusers experience amphetamine psychosis - a psychological state similar to schizophrenia - with paranoid hallucinations.
Amphetamine effects on the nervous system
Amphetamines stimulate the central nervous system and sympathetic division of the peripheral nervous system. Amphetamines mainly increase the synaptic activity of dopamine and nor-epinephrine neurotransmitter systems. Amphetamines can:
1. Cause the release of dopamine from axon terminals.
2. Block dopamine reuptake.
3. Inhibits the storage of dopamine in vesicles.
4. Inhibit the destruction of dopamine by enzymes.
All these measures result in more dopamine in the synaptic cleft where it can act on the receptors.
Withdrawal
Many of the effects of amphetamines are similar to cocaine. Amphetamine withdrawal is characterized by severe depression and fatigue. Users will go to extreme measures to prevent the withdrawal symptoms that arise when the effect of amphetamines to wear out. Amphetamine also causes tolerance to the effects that means more and more amphetamine must be used to further the desired effect.
The above information gives you an insight into the effects caused by the abuse of amphetamines, which helps you keep yourself and your loved ones away from abuse of drugs such as amphetamines.
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